1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829. 
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

Maryland’s Flag may be more Symbolic than you Realize

​Maryland's Flag History 
The Maryland Flag was Officially Adopted on November 25, 1904

 

The Maryland flag has been described as the perfect state flag, with bold colors, interesting patterns, and correct heraldry—a flag that fairly shouts "Maryland." The design of the flag comes from the shield in the coat of arms of the Calvert family, the colonial proprietors of Maryland. George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, adopted a coat of arms that included a shield with alternating quadrants featuring the yellow and black colors of his paternal family and the red and white colors of his maternal family, the Crosslands. When the General Assembly adopted a banner of this design as the state flag, a link was forged between modern-day Maryland and the very earliest chapter of the proprietorship of the Calvert family.

Despite the antiquity of its design, the Maryland flag is of post-Civil War origin. Throughout the colonial period, only the yellow and black Calvert family colors were mentioned in descriptions of the Maryland flag. After independence, the use of the Calvert family colors was discontinued. Various banners were used to represent the state, although none was adopted officially as a state flag. By the Civil War, the most common Maryland flag design probably consisted of the great seal of the state on a blue background. These blue banners were flown at least until the late 1890s.

The Calvert family coat of arms was reintroduced in Maryland in an 1854 law that called for a new great seal based on the Calvert design. The seal created pursuant to this act contained several inaccuracies, and in 1876, the General Assembly provided for a new great seal that conformed closely to the Calvert original. Reintroduction of the Calvert coat of arms on the great seal of the state was followed by a reappearance at public events of banners in the yellow and black Calvert family colors. Called the "Maryland colors" or "Baltimore colors," these yellow and black banners lacked official sanction from the General Assembly but appear to have quickly become popular with the public as a unique and readily identifiable symbol of Maryland and its long history.

The red and white Crossland arms gained popularity in quite a different way. Probably because the yellow and black "Maryland colors" were popularly identified with a state that, reluctantly or not, remained in the Union, Marylanders who sympathized with the South adopted the red and white of the Crossland arms as their colors. Following Lincoln's election in 1861, red and white "secession colors" appeared on everything from yarn stockings and cravats to children's clothing. Federal authorities vigorously prosecuted people who displayed these red and white symbols of opposition to the Union and to Lincoln's policies.

During the war, Maryland-born Confederate soldiers used both the red and white colors and the cross-botonee design from the Crossland quadrants of the Calvert coat of arms as a unique way of identifying their place of birth. Pins in the cross-botonee shape were worn on uniforms, and the headquarters flag of the Maryland-born Confederate general Bradley T. Johnson was a red cross-botonee on a white field.

By the end of the Civil War, therefore, both the yellow and black Calvert arms and the red and white colors and botonee cross design of the Crossland arms were clearly identified with Maryland, although they represented opposing sides in the conflict. As officers and soldiers returned home after the war to resume their peacetime occupations, the greatest challenge facing the country was reconciliation. Nowhere was the problem more serious than in deeply divided Maryland, where veterans who had fought under the red and white secession colors" had to be reintegrated into a state that had remained true to the Union.

As the slow process of reconciliation took place in post-Civil War Maryland, a new symbol emerged. A flag incorporating alternating quadrants of the Calvert and Crossland colors began appearing at public events. While the design derived directly from the seventeenth-century Calvert family coat of arms, for Marylanders of the 1880s, the new banner must have conveyed a powerful message. The passage of time had gradually diminished the passions of former Rebels and Yankees, permitting them to work together once again. Now the colors they had fought under had come together as well, symbolically representing through this new flag the reunion of all the state's citizens.

Neither the designer nor the date of origin of this new Maryland flag is certain, but a banner in this form was known at least by October 1880. Flags incorporating four quadrants alternating between the yellow and black Calvert arms and the red and white Crossland arms appear in published sketches by Frank B. Mayer depicting the huge 150th birthday parade held in Baltimore that month. At the dedication ceremonies for the Maryland monument at the Gettysburg Battlefield eight years later, in October 1888, Maryland National Guard soldiers escorting Governor Elihu E. Jackson carried a sizable flag with the alternating Calvert and Crossland colors. A year later, in October 1889, the Fifth Regiment, Maryland National Guard, adopted a flag in this form as its regimental color. The Fifth Regiment thereby became the first organization to officially adopt what is today the Maryland flag.

The adoption of this new flag by the Fifth Regiment helped popularize the design. The Fifth was the largest component of Maryland's military after 1870, and it played a conspicuous part in major public events both in and out of the state. Organized in May 1867, the Fifth Regiment was the successor organization to the Old Maryland Guard, a military unit formed in Baltimore in 1859 that dissolved when most of its officers and men went south in 1861 to join the Confederate Army.

True to its heritage, the original Fifth Regiment consisted primarily of Maryland-born former Confederate officers and soldiers. The new regimental color adopted in 1889, combining the traditional yellow and black "Maryland colors" with the red and white "secession colors" in the form of a botonee cross, must have seemed especially appropriate to members of the Fifth. The colors symbolically represented what had happened to the Fifth Regiment itself in the quarter century since the Civil War. Originally denounced as a "Rebel Brigade," the Fifth had by the 1870s become Maryland's premier military organization, attracting Union veterans as well as former Confederates. From its inception, the Fifth Regiment had demonstrated through its prominent participation in public events and with its summer encampments in the north that former Confederates could be good soldiers and loyal citizens of the state and the nation.

The Fifth Regiment's new regimental color was not the only example of former Confederates perpetuating and thereby popularizing the use of the red and white Crossland colors and the cross-botonee design. The monument on Culps' Hill at the Gettysburg Battlefield commemorating the Second Maryland Infantry, CSA, carries a cross botonee on each face, and the Maryland Line Confederate Soldiers' Home, established in Pikesville in 1888, featured a large cross botonee over the main gate. Confederate veterans' organizations used the cross-button on service badges and on invitations to events they sponsored. By 1905, the Fifth Regiment had switched out the silver eagle on the flagstaff bearing its regimental color for a cross-botonee, starting a tradition that would later become a legal requirement.

In 1904, the General Assembly affirmed the popular support shown for a banner composed of alternating Calvert and Crossland quadrants by declaring it the state flag. In 1945, a gold cross botonee was made the official ornament for a flagstaff carrying the Maryland flag.

The Maryland flag, shown on a staff properly ornamented with a gold cross botonee, is therefore much more than a symbol of state sovereignty. The flag excels as a state banner because it commemorates the vision of the founders while reminding us of the struggle to preserve the Union. It is a unique symbol of challenges met and loyalties restored, a flag of unity and reconciliation for all the state's citizens.

 

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I am not 100% sure I buy into this, but it is out there,so take a look and see what you think
Maryland’s flag may be more symbolic than you realize

Prior to the Civil War, the colors associated with the state were generally yellow and black, which were George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)‘s paternal family’s heraldic colors. His mother, Alicia Crossland, was an heiress, meaning her family was also entitled to a coat of arms. George Calvert was entitled to use either banner.

When Calvert had his own coat of arms made, it was quartered, like the Maryland flag is today, with the black and gold Calvert colors in upper left and lower right and the red and white Crossland colors on the upper right and lower left.

We doubt the connection to Confederate troops or the formation of a bond because these two family crests have been quartered since the 1600s. Furthermore, the crests themselves were vastly different in design and symbolism. It would be obvious that various troops, union or confederate, would take portions of their state seal, but that doesn't make that portion confederate or union; it is Maryland's seal.

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Prior to independence in 1776, there was no official Maryland flag, but it appears flags generally used Lord Calvert’s colors with the alternating vertical bars of black and gold with a diagonal line in which the colors were reversed, probably something like the flag on the right.

In fact, today, Baltimore City still uses the Calvert banner, though with the Battle Monument on a shield in the center. This is because of Baltimore’s strong ties to the Calverts. After all, George Calvert’s title, First Baron Baltimore, is what gave the name to the city.

Even though the state of Maryland didn’t have an official flag prior to the Civil War, the yellow and black of the Calvert family was largely associated with the state.

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When secessionist Marylanders went south to fight for the Confederacy in Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, they needed a banner that distinguished them from unionist Marylanders. They chose the Crossland banner.

After the Civil War, Marylanders needed symbolism that would help unify the state, and as a result, people started mashing up the two banners. The flag as we know it today had appeared by 1880, though some sources say the Crossland banner was at top left originally.

 

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In 1904, the state officially adopted the current flag.

Notably, following independence in 1776 and until after the Civil War, the state flag was generally the Great Seal on a field of blue. Nearly universally, vexillologists disparage that flag today.

Maryland’s flag doesn’t just rate well amongst vexillologists for its design. It also includes hidden symbolism that helped to unify the state’s citizenry following the Civil War.

From <https://ggwash.org/view/38356/marylands-flag-may-be-more-symbolic-than-you-realize>

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Maryland’s flag is one of the only U.S. flags that does not contain the color blue.

History

In 1634, Maryland was founded as a British colony by Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. The bright gold and black design on the Maryland flag comes from the Calvert family crest. At first, only the gold and black design was associated with Maryland. The red and black design on the Maryland flag only gained popularity during the American Civil War. While Maryland officially fought with the Union during the Civil War, many Marylanders supported and fought with the Confederacy. The Crossland family crest was adopted as a symbol by those Marylanders who supported the confederacy and fought with the Army of Northern Virginia, which was led by General Robert E. Lee.

After the war, Marylanders had to reconcile with those who had fought on the opposite side of the war. Around 1865, the flag incorporated both crests. At first, the Crossland Banner appeared in the upper left quadrant, but this was swapped because of the Union’s victory. The Maryland flag as it appears today is documented to have flown as early and 1880 and was officially adopted as the state flag in 1904

Description

The Maryland state flag is the most distinctive and eye-catching U.S. state flag. The flag’s bright gold and black diagonal checkered pattern in the top left and bottom right quadrants draws your attention and contrasts starkly with the bold red and black cross pattern in the bottom left and top right quadrants.

Meaning

The flag is a combination of the family crests of the two families who founded Maryland—the Calvert and the Crossland families. The checkered pattern belongs to the Calvert family, and the red and black cross design belongs to the Crossland family.

The bold and unique Maryland flag draws both criticism and acclaim. Many non-Marylanders dislike the flag. However, the North American Vexillological Association has named the Maryland flag the 4th best flag out of 72 flags considered—just ahead of the Alaska state flag and only slightly behind Quebec’s flag.

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If you use these flags on your own website, please provide a link back to us. Your link ensures others can find these images too. When using our black and white line drawings, a link back to the source is required. For all other flags, a link back is optional but greatly appreciated.

Simply copy the code below and insert it on pages where you display the flags. If you are not a developer, please direct your web developer to this page or provide them with the code snippet below.

Link Code: <a href="https://www.states101.com/flags" title="U.S. State Flags" target="_blank"> U.S. State Flags Provided By States101.com </a>

The Maryland flag was formally adopted on November 25, 1904. Maryland has maintained the same flag ever since. 

The Maryland flag was voted 3rd best out of 51 flags ranked by the North American Vexillological Association.

The four colors in the Maryland flag are saber, ore, old brick, and white (black, gold, red and white). The Maryland flag width is 1.5 times the height. The standard flag size is 3 feet by 4.5 feet.

 

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POLICE INFORMATION

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to honor the fine men and women who have served with honor and distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave., Baltimore, Md. 21222

 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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